Cardiorespiratory fitness levels may influence cancer risk in men

A recent study conducted in Sweden has revealed that moderate to high cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a lower incidence of certain cancers in men. The research findings show a strong correlation between this type of fitness and a reduction in mortality rates for colon and prostate cancer, as well as lung cancer in individuals over the age of 60. The positive link between cardiorespiratory fitness and young non-smokers was particularly noteworthy.

The study, led by researchers from the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, analyzed health service data from 1982 to 2019, involving 177,709 men who were followed for an average of 9.6 years. The participants had an average age of 42 and an average body mass index (BMI) of 26. The researchers assessed various factors such as body mass and height, habits, lifestyle, and self-reported health, and each participant underwent an in-depth interview with a health service coach. Additionally, they underwent a submaximal cycle ergometer test to evaluate their level of cardiorespiratory fitness.

The study, published in JAMA Network Open, found that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a 2% lower risk of colon and lung cancer, along with a 1% increased risk of prostate cancer. However, it was linked to a 2% lower risk of mortality from colon cancer, a 3% lower risk of lung cancer mortality, and a 5% reduced chance of dying from prostate cancer.

Furthermore, the researchers discovered that the reduction in cancer incidence and mortality was more pronounced among younger, non-smoking individuals with healthy BMIs and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and lung cancer risk was particularly evident in individuals aged 60 or older.

The study’s findings highlight that cardiorespiratory fitness is a significant and independent risk factor for cancer mortality. Promoting higher fitness levels can help prevent deaths from these types of cancer. The association remained strong even after adjusting for other known factors that influence cancer risk. Physical activity and improved immune function are believed to be key mechanisms through which cardiorespiratory fitness reduces the risk of cancer.

To enhance cardiorespiratory health, individuals are encouraged to engage in aerobic exercises that improve oxygen intake. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic exercise per week, spread out over several days. Activities such as brisk walking, dancing, cycling, swimming, and jogging are considered beneficial. It is always advisable to consult a physician before starting any exercise program.

This study contributes to the growing body of evidence highlighting the connection between fitness and a reduced risk of cancer. Physicians should recognize and advise patients about cardiorespiratory fitness as a modifiable risk factor for cancer.